The smallest dog breed in the world, the Chihuahua is a highly intelligent, easily trained dog that makes a delightful companion. The breed is thought to have originated in China, but it is named after the Mexican state of Chihuahua, where it first came to prominence in the 1890s. The Chihuahua’s size means it can be taken anywhere, making it the perfect lap dog. Possessive by nature, the Chihuahua is also an excellent watchdog and is ready to stand up for itself even if the opposition is far bigger. It is not suitable for a family with young children.

The Breed History 

In Mexico an indigenous dog, the Techichi was represented in historical records beginning in the 9th century and is considered the primary source of the modern Chihuahua’s genes. Some historians believe the dog was crossed with a hairless breed from the Orient at some point. In the travels of Columbus, a similar small mute dog was noted in Cuba. This type of dog was highly treasured in Toltec and Aztec civilizations, so much so that they were often buried with their masters. It is unlikely that the origin of the breed was just in the Chihuahua area of Mexico, but since many of the foundation dogs that were exported in the mid 1800s came from this state, the name was selected. Longhaired varieties may have resulted from Yorkshire Terrier or Papillion crosses. First exports to the US occurred in the early 19th century, and AKC registration began in 1908.

Physical Characteristics

Height at withers: 6-9” (15-23 cm). 

Weight: Under 6 lb (2.5 kg).

They are considered the smallest dog breed. 

Coat: Two coat varieties exist: smooth and longhaired. Smooth haircoats are glossy, lay close, and are soft textured, and sometimes an undercoat is present. A bit of ruff is preferred. Long coats are soft, flat, and an undercoat is preferred. Some feathering is desirable. Any color is accepted whether solid, solid with markings, or splashed colors. 

Longevity: 12-14 years.

Recognized Behavior Issues and Traits

Breed characteristics reported include: Loyal, alert, and very fast movers. They express many terrier qualities, and have high activity/ energy levels. They are noted for poor cold tolerance, and love close human contact and lots of attention. May be snappy with strangers or young children, and can be dominant and aggressive. Medium to high barking tendency, some are picky eaters, good for apartment or house-not for rural outdoors, and have low grooming and exercise needs.